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	<title>My Scripts and Tips &#187; IPSec</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/category/networking/ipsec/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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	<description>Various things I&#039;ve found useful in my travels</description>
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		<title>Flexible NetFlow through an IPSec VPN Tunnel</title>
		<link>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/95</link>
		<comments>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/95#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Aug 2010 09:15:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IPSec]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.tipsandscripts.net/?p=95</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As of IOS 12.4(20)T Cisco routers can send NetFlow data through an IPSec VPN tunnel. The flow exporter just needs to be configured with the output-features option. According to Configuring Data Export for Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow with Flow Exporters this option &#8220;Enables sending export packets using QoS and encryption&#8221;. For example: flow exporter NFSVR [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As of IOS 12.4(20)T Cisco routers can send NetFlow data through an IPSec VPN tunnel. The flow exporter just needs to be configured with the output-features option. According to <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/fnetflow/configuration/guide/cfg_de_fnflow_exprts.html">Configuring Data Export for Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow with Flow Exporters</a> this option &#8220;Enables sending export packets using QoS and encryption&#8221;.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<p><pre><code>flow exporter NFSVR
 destination 10.1.1.1
 source Vlan1
 output-features
 transport udp 9996
!
!
flow monitor flow-monitor
 record netflow-original
 exporter NFSVR
 cache timeout active 1
</code></pre></p>
<p>However, although the output-features command appears to be available on earlier versions of IOS, it doesn&#8217;t seem to have been implemented. You can type the command without error, but it never makes it into the config. So, if you&#8217;re trying to get this working, and it&#8217;s not, I suggest checking your IOS version. </p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Different MTU Settings on a Cisco 877 Router</title>
		<link>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/85</link>
		<comments>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/85#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Apr 2010 09:50:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IPSec]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Router]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.tipsandscripts.net/?p=85</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have a remote site on an ADSL connection using a Cisco 877 router. There&#8217;s an IPSec VPN back to my location. They connection speed is very good: Download Speed (kbps): 23410 Upload Speed (kbps): 1017 The ADSL router was configured with pretty typical MTU and MSS settings (probably copied off the Internet): interface Vlan1 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have a remote site on an ADSL connection using a Cisco 877 router. There&#8217;s an IPSec VPN back to my location. They connection speed is very good:</p>
<p>Download Speed (kbps): 23410<br />
Upload Speed (kbps): 1017</p>
<p>The ADSL router was configured with pretty typical MTU and MSS settings (probably copied off the Internet):</p>
<p><pre><code>interface Vlan1
ip mtu 1452
ip flow ingress
ip tcp adjust-mss 1452

interface Dialer0
ip mtu 1452</code></pre></p>
<p>The remote site has a VMware ESXi server. I couldn&#8217;t remotely connect to the ESXi server using the vSphere client. I could connect using ssh. However, if I tried running any command with a reasonable size output (e.g. ps) the session would hang and then time out. I could connect to a remote server using RDP, but it was very slow to connect (once connected the RDP session was fine).</p>
<p>I had no problems connecting to the ESXi server from the VMware session.</p>
<p>I tried running an FTP on the remote server and copying a file to my location with the following result:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 28.89Seconds 5.17Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>That&#8217;s pretty slow for a connection with almost 1Mbps upload speed.</p>
<p>So, I started playing around with MTU and MSS (in the following tests MSS was either set to the same value as MTU or 40 bytes less):<br />
<strong>mtu 1200</strong><br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 1.58Seconds 94.74Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p><strong>mtu 1300</strong><br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 2.84Seconds 52.62Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>I finally settled on the following:</p>
<p><pre><code>interface Vlan1
ip mtu 1242
ip flow ingress
ip tcp adjust-mss 1200

interface Dialer0
ip mtu 1452</code></pre></p>
<p>94Kbytes/sec is pretty reasonable for a 1Mb link with round trip latency of around 83ms.</p>
<p>Then I started wondering if my ACL was blocking Path MTU Discovery. So, I added the following to the inbound ACL on the 877 (as per <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk827/tk369/technologies_white_paper09186a00800d6979.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk827/tk369/technologies_white_paper09186a00800d6979.shtml</a>) and changed the MTU values back to original:</p>
<p><pre><code>permit icmp any any unreachable
permit icmp any any time-exceeded</code></pre></p>
<p>However, there were no hits and it didn&#8217;t seem to help at all:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 28.73Seconds 5.20Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>Then after reading a bit more I wondered what would happen if I took all the MTU and MSS settings off:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 3.05Seconds 49.08Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>Hmm. Much better than the original settings, although not as good as MTU 1200. Perhaps the link might be under a bit of load, let&#8217;s try again:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 1.52Seconds 98.68Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>And a third time:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 1.52Seconds 98.68Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>So I tried a fourth and fifth time (both had the same result):<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 1.50Seconds 99.67Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>So, I thought, maybe the router or computer is remembering the session and MTU (if it&#8217;s doing MTU discovery). So I disconnected the FTP sessions and reconnected:<br />
<code>ftp: 149504 bytes sent in 1.50Seconds 99.74Kbytes/sec.</code></p>
<p>Amazing. So the tip? Perhaps the best way to handle MTU is to not worry about it.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Configuring L2TP Support on a Cisco ISR Router</title>
		<link>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/7</link>
		<comments>http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/7#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Sep 2007 15:30:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IPSec]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[L2TP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Router]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.tipsandscripts.net/archives/7</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Instructions I consulted a number of sites on the Internet when I was attempting to configure L2TP on a Cisco router. I found many people with the same issues I had but no complete solution. In the end, my problem was that I needed an access list (see access-list 130 below). Below is an example [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-weight: bold">Instructions</span><br />
I consulted a number of sites on the Internet when I was attempting to configure L2TP on a Cisco router. I found many people with the same issues I had but no complete solution. In the end, my problem was that I needed an access list (see access-list 130 below).</p>
<p>Below is an example of a working configuration on a Cisco 2801 router with IOS Version 12.4(13b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3). Note that authentication uses PAP, in most cases you probably want to use a more secure form of authentication. The router this config snippet came from uses RADIUS to authenticate the user. This configuration works with certificates. The change needed to allow pre-shared keys is quite small. I might add it later when I can get access to a non production router.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m using Fastethernet 0/1 as the external interface with IP address 123.123.123.123. The DHCP pool is in the 192.168.100.0 subnet. The DNS server is 192.168.200.1. I&#8217;ve called the crypto map VPNMAP.</p>
<p><span style="line-height: 115%"></span><span style="font-size: 85%"><span style="font-family: courier new">vpdn enable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">vpdn-group 1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">! Default L2TP VPDN group</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> accept-dialin</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">  protocol l2tp</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">  virtual-template 1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> no l2tp tunnel authentication</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> ip mtu adjust</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new">crypto isakmp policy 20</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> encr 3des</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> hash sha</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> authentication pre-share</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> group 2</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new">crypto isakmp policy 30</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> encr 3des</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> hash md5</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">group 2</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new">crypto ipsec transform-set TRANSESP3DESMD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> mode transport</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">crypto dynamic-map DYNMAP 1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> set nat demux</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> set transform-set TRANSESP3DESMD5</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> match address 130</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">crypto map VPNMAP 65000 ipsec-isakmp dynamic DYNMAP</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">interface Virtual-Template1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> ip unnumbered FastEthernet0/1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> ip mroute-cache</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> peer default ip address pool VPN_CLIENT_POOL </span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> ppp authentication pap</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new"> ppp ipcp dns 192.168.200.1</span><span style="font-size: 85%"><span style="font-family: courier new"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">ip local pool VPN_CLIENT_POOL 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.99</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">access-list 130 remark Allow L2TP access</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">access-list 130 permit udp host 123.123.123.123 eq 1701 any</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">interface FastEthernet0/1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new">crypto map VPNMAP</span></span></p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think the &#8220;authentication pre-shared&#8221; is needed. I might remove it later when I have a chance to test it. The ISR seems to allow certificate authentication by default. Note that in my testing I found that the ISR would support both shared key and certificate authentication at the same time.</p>
<p>The router concerned also has a L2L (LAN to LAN) IPSec VPN tunnel configured. I might post the entire config at some later stage.</p>
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